View source for Chaos in optics

=== longitudinal case with delay===
A nonlinear system with delayed feedback, as the delay time <math>\tau</math>  is much longer than the zero-delay correlation time <math>Tc\ ,</math> displays two widely separated time scales. In such a case, a two-dimensional representation shows close analogies between delayed chaos and space-time chaos in extended systems. These phenomena have been dealt with in [http://www.inoa.it/home/arecchi/Papers.php A.188,102,214]; in particular,  [http://www.inoa.it/home/arecchi/Papers.php A.214], provides evidence of phase jumps in chaotic time sequences, that, once folded in a two-dimensional representation, look like phase singularities in a two-dimensional fabric, to be discussed extensively in the next sub-section.
When both non-delayed and delayed feedback are applied to the same laser, the combination of the two effects provides what has been called  DSS(Delayed Self-Synchronization) and that is equivalent to the unidirectional coupling of a large array (virtually infinite in number) of lasers.