Facial Age Estimation

From Scholarpedia

Author: Dr. Andreas Lanitis, Cyprus University of Technology

Dr. Andreas Lanitis accepted the invitation on 16 July 2009 (self-imposed deadline: 16 January 2010).

Figure 1: Your introductory color figure is here to "advertise" the article or summarize the main point.

Age estimation is the determination of the age of a subject based on biometrical features. Although age estimation can be accomplished using different biometric traits, this article is focused on facial age estimation that relies on biometric features extracted from a person’s face. The main issues discussed in the article involve typical applications where facial age estimation can be used, the problem and challenges associated with facial age estimation, typical approaches reported in the literature and future research directions.

Section a

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Subsection b

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(1)

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Subsection c

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Section d

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Subsection e

Subsection f

Citing references

Groups of authors larger than 2 can be cited with "et al.".

• As proven in (Albero A, 1999).
• As Albero (2009) said.
• As proven in (Albero and Bocca, 2001)
• As proven by Albero and Bocca (2001)
• As proven by Albero et al. (2003)
• As proven by Albero, Bocca and Cuoco (2003)
• As proven by Albero et al. (2007a), confirmed by Albero et al. (2007b) and discarded by Albero et al. (2007c)
• As proven in (Albero A, 1999).
• As proven by Albero and Bocca (2001).

References

• Albero, Antony (1999). Pizza Margherita. Journal of pizza eaters 19(3): 13. arXiv:0808.000
• Albero, Antonio and Bocca, Bill (2001). Pizza Capricciosa. Journal of pizza eaters 27: 121-127. arXiv:0808.000
• Albero, Antonio; Bocca, Bill and Cuoco, C T (2003). Pizza Quattro Stagioni. Journal of pizza eaters 34(4): 12.
• Albero, Antonio; Bocca, Bill; Cuoco, C T and Dude, David B (2007a). Pizza Napoletana. Journal of pizza eaters 37: 121-127.
• Albero, Antonio; Bocca, Bill; Cuoco, C T; Dude, David and Elica, E Q (2007b). Pizza Marinara. Journal of pizza eaters 43(4): 1-13.
• Albero, Antonio et al. (2008). Pizza Piccante. Journal of pizza eaters 45(5): 1-13.
• Alto, Antony (1999). La Pizza! Mangiare bene, Volume 3. Albero and Bacca editors. Food Publishers, Genoa.
• Alto, Antony and Bocca, Bill (2000). La Pasta! Mangiare bene. Albero editor. Food Publishers, Genoa. Chapter 1.
• Alto, Antony; Bocca, Bill and Cuoco, C T (2002). Pizza: prepare it yourself. Food Publishers, Genoa. Page 22. ISBN 1-234-99929-0.
• Alto, Antony; Bocca, Bill; Cuoco, C T and Dude, David B (2005a). Italian Pizza. Food Publishers, Genoa.
• Alto, Antony; Bocca, Bill; Cuoco, C T; Dude, David B and Elica, E Q (2005b). Napolitan Pizza. Food Publishers, Genoa.
• Alto, Antony et al. (2005c). American Pizza. Food Publishers, Genoa.

Further reading

• Magro, C T (2008). Pizza: a danger for health? Food Publishers, Paris. page 22. ISBN 1-234-90929-0. This reference is unreliable in conclusions, but quite accurate in its introduction.
• Izhikevich, E M (2007). Dynamical Systems in Neuroscience: The Geometry of Excitability and Bursting The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. ISBN 0262090430. This book offers an introduction to nonlinear dynamical systems theory for researchers and graduate students in neuroscience.

External links

Eugene M. Izhikevich website

See also

Brain, Neuron, Scholarpedia:Instructions for authors